I. Nā kūlana o kēia manawa o ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa.
ʻO GB5763-2008 Nā Paʻa Paʻa no nā Kaʻa
GB/T17469-1998 “Loaʻa Hana Hoʻohālike Liʻiliʻi Paʻa Paʻa Paʻa Kaʻa
GB/T5766-2006 “Ke ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell no nā mea paʻi
JC/T472-92 “Ka hui ʻana o ka pahu pahu pahu kaʻa a me nā kāmaʻa pahu pahu pahu hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ikaika shear.
ʻO JC/T527-93 “ke ʻano hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
JC/T528-93 “mea hoʻoheheʻe acetone soluble mea hoʻāʻo
JC/T685-1998 “Ke ʻano hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea pili
QC/T472-1999 "Ke kū'ē i ka wai, ka wai paʻakai, ka aila a me ka wai ʻauʻau kaʻa.
QC/T473-1999 "Ke ala hoʻāʻo no ka ikaika ʻoki kūloko o nā mea hoʻopaʻa kaʻa kaʻa.
QC/T583-1999 Ke ala hoʻāʻo no ka porosity ʻike ʻia o nā ʻāpana kaʻa kaʻa.
QC/T42-1992 "Ka Loiloi ana i na hemahema o ka Ili a me ke Kinohi o ke kaa kaa kaa hooku'i kaa ma hope o ka hoao ana.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka ʻoihana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻoihana honua maʻamau.
ʻO ka haʻihaʻi haole, ka lining lining (block) a me nā kūlana hui ka nui o ka moʻolelo ʻEulopa, ka moʻolelo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana (nā kūlana ʻo Iapana Automobile Manufacturers Association) a me ka moʻo ISO, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka moʻo ISO me ka pili ʻana i nā kūlana ʻEulopa.
ʻO nā kūlana US ka nui o SAE, FMVSS, AMECA, etc.
ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau o ʻEulopa no nā lula e like me AK (e like me AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71/320.
ʻO nā kūlana Iapana ʻo JASO a me JIS D.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kūlana ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa i ke kākoʻo hoʻokipa e like me FMVSS ma FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 a me AMECA a me R13, R13H a me ISO11057, nā lole (aftermarket) kūlana e like me SAE2430, TP121, R90 a hoʻokō i nā koi haʻahaʻa o ECERl3. , etc..
ʻAʻohe kūlana koi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā pono e ʻae ʻia ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, ʻo ʻEulopa no ka mākeke hoʻoponopono ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana he palapala EMARK.
ʻO ISO15484-2005 (DIS) i hoʻokumu nui ʻia ma nā kikoʻī honua kumu mua a hoʻomohala ʻia, e ʻōlelo ana i ka SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, a hāʻawi i nā koi hoʻomalu maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka piha o ka automotive friction material standard.
Mai ka honua a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻomohala ʻia, ua hoʻopili nui ʻia i nā kūlana brake lining, loaʻa i kahi hui kūikawā ke kuleana no, me ka pili ʻana i ka hana honua, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā kūlana kaʻa kaʻa o Kina i ka ʻoihana automotive, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana. o kekahi subcommittee kūikawā e komo i ka hana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana honua e like me.
(1) hui ISO
ʻO ka ISO brake linings e pili ana i ka automotive brake lining i nā kūlana kūpono 21 a me 1 mau maʻamau honua, a me 6 mau kūlana pili, kona mau ʻāpana pale i hoʻomohala ʻia e TC22/SC2/WG2, kāna hui hana WG2 no SC2 i nā hui hana ʻelima i ka hui hana nui loa, no ka mea, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā laina kīwaha i ka palekana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, mai ka makahiki 2005 i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā limahana hou aʻe, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kūlana ʻeono.
(2) ʻEulopa
European brake lining standard system is regulation, developed by the WP29, WP29 full name of the United Nations World Vehicle Regulations Coordination Forum (i kapa ʻia ʻo UN/WP29), kuleana kūikawā no nā hoʻoponopono ECE a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o ka Loaʻa iā WP29 kahi kōmike kaʻa GRRF e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻoponopono kaʻa, nā hoʻoponopono kaʻa kaʻa, nā kūlana i kūkulu ʻia e ka hui FEMFM.Nā hoʻoponopono kaʻa kaʻa e pili ana iā ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Iapana
ʻO JIS a me JASO, ʻo JISJ Japan Industrial Standards Survey standard, ʻo JASO ka maʻamau ʻoihana kaʻa Iapana.ʻO nā kūlana JIS o Iapana no nā kaʻa i kēia manawa he 248. He 13 mau mea i helu ʻia no ka %.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Japan Automobile Standardization Organization (JASO) i kahi hui maikaʻi loa, e like me nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole a me nā kahua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke komite ʻenehana kūpono (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke Kuhina), e like me: brake, palekana, chassis kino, nā mea uila, nā mīkini, nā ʻāpana maʻamau, nā mea hana, nā huila ʻelua, ka hana kaʻa;ʻO kēlā me kēia komite ʻenehana a hoʻonohonoho i kahi helu like ʻole o nā komite subtechnical (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻāpana ʻāpana).Loaʻa iā ia kahi lālā kaʻa kaʻa, i haku ʻia me ka automotive, nā ʻāpana, friction material factory.ʻO ka huina o nā kūlana Japanese JASO i kēia manawa he 297. Aia ma waena o lākou, aia he 20 mau pale pale.Helu no %.
(4) ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
ʻO nā kūlana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa US e ka American Society of Automotive Engineers (Society of Automotive Engineers, i kapa ʻia ʻo SAE) ke kuleana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea noiʻi SAE ʻo ia nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa ʻenekinia, nā mokulele, nā ʻenekini, nā lako a me nā mea hana, etc. nā kūlana i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka mana, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a he helu nui o kekahi o lākou i ʻae ʻia e like me nā kūlana aupuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā o SAE ma mua o 84,000 ma 97 mau ʻāina a hoʻohui a hoʻoponopono hou paha ma mua o 600 mau palapala maʻamau o ka automotive a me aerospace i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ma waena o lākou, aia nā kūlana 17 e pili ana i nā pale pale.
ʻO ke kolu, mai nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka honua a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o Kina a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē he ʻokoʻa nui ma waena.
1, ua lohi ka hana maʻamau.ʻO nā kūlana huahana nā ʻoihana i hana i ka hana a me ka hana pono e hoʻokō me ke kānāwai ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe loa, akā ʻo nā kumu koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana.Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hoʻohana i lalo o ka ʻoihana i nā kūlana hana o nā mea friction e hoʻomau i nā koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, no laila i mea e hana ai i nā kūlana ʻenehana e hōʻike i ka manaʻo o ka ʻepekema, nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe, nā koi hana a me ka standardize i ka mākeke, e hoʻokō i ka hana o nā kūlana honua. , akā, pono nō hoʻi e "hoʻomau i ka manawa", i nā manawa a i ʻole nā mea maʻamau no nā kūlana hou e hoʻonui i ka wehewehe a me nā kūlana kahiko ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana.Akā, i loko o nā makahiki ma muli o ke kaʻina hana a me ka nele o ke kālā, ua haʻalele nui ka hana standardization ma hope o ka holomua ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka huahana o ka mea maoli, ka lokahi o nā kūlana i loaʻa, ka mana o kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi, akā ʻo ka hoʻokele ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākeke honua e lawe mai i nā pilikia he nui.
2, ʻaʻohe kaʻa, ka lining hoʻouna (block) a me ka hui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau.
3, aia nā koi ʻenehana maʻamau a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā kūlana hoʻāʻo static, a me nā kūlana haole e hoʻohālikelike i ka braking maoli a me ka 1: 1 hōʻike hōʻike nui.
4, ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻamau.Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Kina i ka WTO, ua wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o nā kālepa kālepa honua, ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻokele waiwai o Kina.ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ke kula o kā mākou mau keʻena aupuni, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka State Building Materials Bureau.Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻoihana aupuni.Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kumu hoʻohālikelike ʻenehana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ka ʻoihana friction material o Kina.I nā makahiki he 5 a hiki i 6 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui mau ʻia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka honua a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā lula.Ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Kina a me nā kūlana haole.I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka home a me ka honua, e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i nā kālepa kālepa me ke kaiāulu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kūkulu hou ʻana o ka mokuahi o ka mokuʻāina, ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lining (block) a me ka hui ʻana (friction material) standardization subtechnical komite ua lilo koke. ʻO ia ka hana o kēia manawa, ka lining transmission (block) a me ka hana ʻoihana hui ma ka mea nui o Kina.
5, nā huahana brake, ʻoiai aia nā kūlana ʻāina, nā kūlana ʻoihana, nā kūlana haole kiʻekiʻe i ka laulā piha o ISO, SAE, JASO a me ʻEulopa o ECER, EEC lula, etc. , ʻaʻole kūpono i ke komo ʻana o nā huahana i ka hoʻokūkū honua, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kūlana methodological ʻaʻole kūpono.ʻO nā kūlana huahana National ma kahi haʻahaʻa, e hopena i ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻoihana, a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole o nā ʻoihana, nā ʻenehana hana like ʻole, ʻaʻole kūpono kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokolohua i nā pono hana, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi kekahi.
6, ʻo nā ʻoihana hana hoʻomohala kaulana o ka honua ʻo TMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻoihana he 100% ka hana ʻana o nā mea friction automotive, ʻoi aku ka kūʻai ʻana o kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o 5 biliona yuan, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana no ka SAE kumu. Nā hoʻoponopono J a me ECE a me nā kūlana AK.
ʻO ka ʻehā, nā ʻoihana hoʻāʻo ʻana o Kina.
ʻO nā keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻāina no ka National Center no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huahana mineral non-metallic, National Auto Parts Testing Center (Changchun);ʻO nā pae panalāʻau ʻē aʻe ʻo Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Gansu, Chongqing, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana i ka ʻoihana mua no ka Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka National Center no nā huahana mineral non-metallic. hoʻāʻo (Xianyang).
ʻO V. Nā lako hoʻāʻo a me nā kūlana maʻamau o Kina
ʻO nā kūlana kūpono o nā laina kīʻaha o Kina a koi ʻia ʻo GB5763-1998 wale nō.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻana, ma muli o ka mīkini hoʻāʻo wikiwiki paʻa he mea maʻamau ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea hoʻāʻo disk ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ʻaʻole i calibrated nā keʻena hoʻāʻo kūloko ma ka mīkini hoʻāʻo. no ka calibration, a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia nā mea hana, hoʻāʻo i nā laʻana o nā ʻano nui like ʻole, ʻaʻole i pau ka wili mua ʻana, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ka mana wela, ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ka mīkini hoʻāʻo, hui pū ʻia me nā mea hana like ʻole o nā mīkini hoʻāʻo, ka hewa mīkini hoʻāʻo Nui. i ka 15-30% (ma ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻāʻo makahiki a me ka hoʻohālikelike mea kanu hoʻokipa), e hoʻāʻo ana i nā mīkini hana me ka ʻole o ka laikini metrology, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. e loaʻa nā hopena e like.
He mea hana ʻoihana ʻo Santa i nā pad brake automotive a me nā diski ma Kina, me 15 mau makahiki o ka ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-07-2022